Auxiliary verb

An auxiliary verb combines with another verb to help form the tense, mood, voice, or condition of the verb it combines with.
The verbs to have, to be, to do, will, shall, would, should, can, may, might, and could are the common auxiliary verbs in English.
Auxiliary verbs are sometimes called helping verbs.

Auxiliary Verbs are the verbs be, do, have, will when they are followed by another verb (the full verb) in order to form a question, a negative sentence, a compound tense or the passive.

The verb "be"

The verb be can be used as an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use this verb for compound tenses and the passive voice. Note that be is an irregular verb:

Simple Present:

I am, he/she/it is, we/you/they are

Simple Past:

I/he/she/it was, we/you/they were

Past Participle:

been

You can tell that in the following sentences be is an auxiliary because it is followed by another verb (the full verb). (For progressive forms use the "-ing" form of the full verb; for passive voice, use the past participle of the full verb.)
Progressive Forms

Present Progressive:

He is playing football.

Past Progressive:

He was playing football.

Present Perfect Progressive:

He has been playing football.

Past Perfect Progressive:

He had been playing football.

Passive

Simple Present/Past:

The house is/was built.

Present/Past Perfect:

The house has/had been built.

Future I:

The house will be built.

"be" as a full verb
The verb be can also be a full verb. In this case, it's not followed by another verb. If be is used as a full verb, we do not need an auxiliary in negative sentences or questions.

positive sentence:

They are fifteen years old.

negative sentence:

They are not fifteen years old.

question:

Are they fifteen years old?

The verb "have"

The verb have, too, can be used both as an auxiliary and as a full verb. As an auxiliary we use this verb to form compound tenses in active and passive voice. (Use the past participle of the full verb.)
Compound Tenses - Active Voice

Present Perfect Simple:

He has played football.

Past Perfect Simple:

He had played football.

Present Perfect Progressive:

He has been playing football.

Past Perfect Progressive:

He had been playing football.

Compound Tenses - Passive Voice

Present/Past Perfect:

The house has/had been built.

Note that have is an irregular verb, too:

Simple Present:

I/we/you/they have, he/she/it has

Simple Past:

I/he/she/it/we/you/they had

Past Participle:

had

"have" in positive sentences
As a full verb have indicates possession. In British English, however, we usually use have got (have being the auxiliary, got the full verb).

full verb:

I have a car.

auxiliary verb:

I have got a car.

"have" in negative sentences and questions
When we use have as a full verb, we must use the auxiliary do in negative sentences and questions. If we use have got, however, we do not need another auxiliary.

have as a full verb:

I do not have a car.

Do I have a car?

have as an auxiliary verb:

I have not got a car.

Have I got a car?

The verb "will"

The verb will can only be used as an auxiliary. We use it to form the future tenses.
The auxiliary verb "will"

Future I:

He will not play football.

Future II:

He will have played football.

The verb will remains the same for all forms (no "s" for 3rd person singular). The short form for negative sentences is won't.'

Examples:

I will, he will

I will not = I won't

The verb "do"

The verb do can be both an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use do in negative sentences and questions for most verbs (except not for be, will, have got and modal verbs) in Simple Present and Simple Past. (Use the infinitive of the full verb.)
The auxiliary "do" in negative sentences

Simple Present:

He does not play football.

Simple Past:

He did not play football.

The auxiliary "do" in questions

Simple Present:

Does he play football?

Simple Past:

Did he play football?

The verb do is irregular:

Simple Present:

I/we/you/they do, he/she/it does

Simple Past:

I/he/she/it/we/you/they did

The full verb "do"
As a full verb we use do in certain expressions. If we want to form negative sentences or questions using do as a full verb, we need another do as an auxiliary.

positive sentence:

She does her homework every day.

negative sentence:

She doesn't do her homework every day.

question:

Does she do her homework every day?

Sentences without the auxiliary "do"

In the following cases, the auxiliary do is not used in negative sentences/questions:
the full verb is "be"

Example:

I am not angry. / Are you okay?

the sentence already contains another auxiliary (e.g. have, be, will)

Example:

They are not sleeping. / Have you heard that?

the sentence contains a modal verb (can, may, must, need, ought to, shall, should)

Example:

We need not wait. / Can you repeat that, please?

the question asks for the subject of the sentence

Example:

Who sings that song?

Referace
http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000319.htm
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/auxiliary-verbs

Wh-Questions

         We use question words to ask certain types of questions (question word questions). We often refer to them as WH words because they include the letters WH.
Question Word   Function   Example
what   asking for information about something   What is your name?   asking for repetition or confirmation   What? I can't hear you.  You did what?what...for   asking for a reason, asking why   What did you do that for?
when   asking about time   When did he leave?
where   asking in or at what place or position   Where do they live?
which   asking about choice   Which colour do you want?
who   asking what or which person or people (subject) Who opened the door?
whom   asking what or which person or people (object)   Whom did you see?
whose   asking about ownership   Whose are these keys?   Whose turn is it?
why   asking for reason, asking what...for   Why do you say that?  why don't   making a suggestion   Why don't I help you?

Excercise

Choose the correct WH Question word.

1. _________ do you live?
I live in Toronto.
a) Who
b) What
c) Where

2. _________ do you wake up?
I wake up at 7:30 am.
a) When
b) Why
c) How
3. _________ is your brother?
He is great, thanks for asking.
a) Where
b) Why
c) How
4. _________ is this?
That's my electronic dictionary.
a) Who
b) What
c) Where
5. _________ do you take English class?
Because I want to improve my speaking.
a) Where
b) When
c) Why
6. _________ does your father work?
He works at the post office.
a) When
b) Who
c) Where
7. _________ do I cook rice?
You need to use a pot with water.
a) How
b) Who
c) Where
8. _________ is the party?
It is on Saturday night.
a) Where
b) When
c) Why
9. _________ are you sad?
Because my dog is sick.
a) Who
b) What
c) Why
10. _________ is the bank?
It is on 4th Avenue.                              
a) When
b) Where
c) How                                
    

 

Referance :
http://krueng.smf4u.com/index.php?topic=1833.0
http://www.learnenglish-online.com/grammar/tests/whquestions.html
Betty  Schrampfer  Azar.  Fundamentals of English Grammar. (2003). USA.

There is/There are

         In sentences which say that something exists (or does not exist) somewhere, we usually use there as a kind of  preparatory subject, and put the real subject after the verb.
        There is/There are is a common phrase in English, used to indicate that something ?exists? or is in a certain location. The main subject follows the verb when there is/are is used.

        There is + Singular noun........
Example :
        There is a dog.
        There is an apple.
There are + Plural noun......
Example :
        There are two cats.
        There are some milk.


Exercise :
Write some/any/a/an in the following gaps. Look at Springfield's map and asnwer accordingly.

 

1. There are  people in the street.

2. There is  cinema on the right.

3. There isn't  internet caf้ on the left.

4. There aren't  rivers running through the town centre.

5. There is  bar called Moe's.

6. There are  mountains in the horizon.

7. There are  parks.

Reference :
Michael  Swan. Practical English Usage. (2005). Oxford University.
http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/there_is_are.html
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2920

Verb to be

รูปแบบของ verb to be ได้แก่  is am  are :as were :been
1.  Verb to be ที่เป็นกริยาหลัก
      a)  แสดงอาการมี  เป็นอยู่หรือการใช้ข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับบุคคลหรือสิ่งของ
                           Tom is a teacher.  ทอม (มีอาชีพ) เป็นครู
                           The boy is in the house.  เด็กชายอยู่ในบ้าน
      b)  แสดงสภาพทางร่างกายหรือสภาวะทางจิตใจ
                           I am sleepy.  ฉันรู้สึกง่วง

                           He is excited.  เขารู้สึกตื่นเต้น

2.  Verb to be + Infinnitive with to

     ปกติ verb to be จะไม่ใช้คู่กับ Infinitive  ยกเว้นในกรณี
      a)  ประโยคคำสั่ง มักเป็นการสั่งบุรุษที่3  หรือไม่เจาะจงบุคคล เช่น anyone
                          He's to wait for Mr. Somprasong.
                      เมื่อใช้กับบุรุษที่ 2 จะหมายถึง การได้รับถ่ายทอดคำสั่งมาอีกต่อหนึ่ง
                          You're to tell  him the truth.
       b)  การวางแผน  ความตั้งใจ
                           I am to go to London next Monday.
       c)  ในรูป was/were + Infinitive with to ใช้กับ Past tense เพื่อกล่าวถึงโชคชะตาหรือสิ่งที่ต้องเป็นไป
                          They left their hometown, not knowing that they were never to come back again.
3.  There + Verb to be
      ใช้เมื่อต้องการบอกความหมายว่า "มีอยู่" และประธานต้องเป็นคำนามที่ไม่ชี้เฉพาะ
                            There is a cat on the table.
4.  Verb to be ที่เป็นกริยาช่วย
      ใช้ใน Continous tense (be +  V.-ing) ที่แสดงถึงการกระทำที่ดำเนินอยู่ และใน Passive voice ( be +V3)
      ที่แสดงถึงประธานถูกกระทำโดยกริยานั้น
                             There race is on the point of starting.
                             There was on point buying things you needn't use.

Reference

ณพวัสส์  ธัมพิพิธ. ไวยากรณ์ภาษาอังกฤษ  อย่าคิดว่ายาก.(2551). กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักพิมพ์แห่งจุฬา

                  ลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย.

http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/PresentSimpleToBe1A.html